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Major League Baseball (MLB) allows the use of instant replay review to allow league officials to review certain types of plays in order to determine the accuracy of the initial call of the umpires on the field. Reviews may be initiated either by a team's manager with limitations or by the umpires themselves. All instant replay reviews are examined by an umpire at the Replay Command Center in New York City, who has the final decision as to whether to uphold or overturn the initial call. MLB was the last of the four major North American professional sports leagues to implement an instant replay review system. Instant replay review was first implemented during the 2008 season. Under that system, only the umpire crew chief could initiate a review, and one or more members of the umpiring crew would review the video at the stadium and render the decision to uphold or overturn the call. Only boundary home run calls could be reviewed, either if the initial call was a home run but might not have been (e.g., spectator interference or a foul ball near the foul pole) or if the initial call was not a home run but might have been (e.g., the ball hit an object such as a railing beyond the outfield wall and then bounced back onto the field).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=MLB clubs unanimously approve expansion of instant replay )〕 The current instant replay system was implemented in the 2014 season. Under the current system each manager is allotted one challenge per game, and a second and final challenge only if the first challenge results in an overturned call. From the seventh inning on, the umpire crew chief is allowed to initiate his own replay review. The umpire crew chief is also allowed to initiate a review during any inning if the play in question is a boundary home run call. ==Procedure== The following plays may be subjected to instant replay review: * Ground-rule doubles * Fan interference calls * Boundary calls (Managers may not, however, challenge home run or potential home run calls, only the crew chief can decide to review home run calls. If an initially signaled home run is overturned it is declared to be a double and the runners each advance two bases.) * Force plays at all bases, except whether a middle infielder touched second base during the attempt to "turn" a double play (neighborhood play) * Tag plays on the base paths, i.e., whether a runner was tagged or whether the runner touched a base (an appeal is still required ahead of the latter) * Fair/foul calls on balls hit into the outfield * Catch/trap calls on balls hit into the outfield, i.e., whether an outfielder cleanly caught a ball on the fly or trapped it against his body * Time plays, i.e., whether or not a run scored prior to the third out * Whether a runner passed a preceding runner * Scorekeeping issues, including the count, number of outs, score, or substitutions To initiate a managers's challenge, a manager must enter the field of play and verbally tell the umpire he will use his challenge. Teams are allowed to have a replay assistant in the booth watch the replay and talk with a coach via the dugout telephone to decide if the team should challenge the call. A player or coach in the dugout will signal to the manager whether or not to use the challenge. When a play is reviewed, at least two umpires (including the crew chief) will go to an area behind home plate where they will meet a technician. The technician hands the umpires headsets where they can communicate with the umpires at the Replay Command Center in New York City. During the review, the replay may be displayed on the stadium video screen. Once the call is determined, the field technician will leave and the crew chief will signal the final call. If a manager enters the field of play to argue a reviewed call, he will be automatically ejected from the game.〔http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article/mlb/all-systems-go-with-expanded-instant-replay-for-major-league-baseball?ymd=20140327&content_id=70050812&vkey=news_mlb〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Instant replay in Major League Baseball」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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